Cooking Measurements

Thought to share the below details with you all. In most of the recipes, the measurements of the ingredients are mentioned in cups, tea spoons and table spoons. You can find the conversions in the below table. I have also included a table of Fahrenheit and Celsius degree temperatures equivalent to the Gas marks of the ovens.

• 1 tablespoon (tbsp) = 3 teaspoons (tsp)
• 1/16 cup (c) = 1 tablespoon
• 1/8 cup = 2 tablespoons
• 1/6 cup = 2 tablespoons + 2 teaspoons
• 1/4 cup = 4 tablespoons
• 1/3 cup = 5 tablespoons + 1 teaspoon
• 3/8 cup = 6 tablespoons
• 1/2 cup = 8 tablespoons
• 2/3 cup = 10 tablespoons + 2 teaspoons
• 3/4 cup = 12 tablespoons
• 1 cup = 48 teaspoons
• 1 cup= 16 tablespoons
• 8 fluid ounces (fl oz) = 1 cup
• 1 pint (pt) = 2 cups
• 1 quart (qt) = 2 pints
• 4 cups = 1 quart
• 1 gallon (gal) = 4 quarts
• 16 ounces (oz) =  1 pound (lb)  
• 1 US gallon =  3.79 litres
• 1 UK gallon = 4.54 litres

A typical household Tablespoon and Teaspoon

Not necessary to have the same measuring cups. You can also replace with your own measuring cups. In India especially in southern parts, many households have the old methods of measuring any grains or flours using Seru, Ara seru, Paavu, Ara paavu.

A typical Seru is equivalent to 1.56 litres.

 From right to left - Seru, 1/2 seru, 1/4 seru, 1/8th seru

సేరు, అర సేరు

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Conversion table
Gas mark	Fahrenheit	Celsius	Descriptive
1⁄4	225°	107°	Very Slow/Very Low
1⁄2	250°	121°	Very Slow/Very Low
1	275°	135°	Slow/Low
2	300°	149°	Slow/Low
3	325°	163°	Moderately Slow/Warm
4	350°	177°	Moderate/Medium
5	375°	191°	Moderate/Moderately Hot
6	400°	204°	Moderately Hot
7	425°	218°	Hot
8	450°	232°	Hot/Very Hot
9	475°	246°	Very Hot

Majjiga chaaru / Butter milk stew

There are numerous ways to prepare Majjiga chaaru. This is pretty much similar to North Indian Khadi. In Khadi, basin / gram flour is used, where as in majjiga chaaru, roasted chickpea flour is used. Very easy to prepare. A nice substitute for Rasam.

Ingredients:
Youghurt - 1 cup
Cumin seeds - 1/2 tsp
Roasted chickpea - 2 tbsp
Salt
Oinion - 1 small, chopped into small pieces

For seasoning:
Oil - 2 tsp
Turmeric - 1 pinch
Curry leaves - 1 string
Mustard+Cumin - 1/2 tsp
Red chili - 1 or 2

Method:

Grind the roasted chick pea along with cumin and salt.

Beat the yoghurt to smooth consistency.

Mix the roasted chickpea flour to the beaten yoghurt and mix it thoroughly with out any lumps. Now slowly add 1 cup of water and mix thoroughly.

For seasoning heat a small pan with oil. When it is warm enough add mustard + Cumin, red chili and then curry leaves. Now add chopped onion and turmeric. Fry the onion for less than a minute and immediately add the seasoning to the yoghurt mixture.

Serve it with rice

Note:

Those who like the raw onion taste can add the chopped onion directly to the yoghurt mixture with out frying. Bombay onion is the best for this recipe.

Cabbage with toor daal

This is a nice recipe with the combination of daal and vegetable. This can be served as a side dish or as a main dish.

Ingredients:

Shredded Cabbage – 2 cups

Toor dal – ½ cup

Grated Coconut (Fresh)– ¼ cup

Green chilli - 4 – 5

Salt

For Seasoning;

Red chilli (Dry) – 1 or 2

Curry leaves – 1 string

Mustard – ½ tsp

Cumin / Jeera – ½ tsp

Oil – 2 tbsp

Boiled toor daal, cabbage, fresh coconut

Wash and soak the toor daal in 1 cup of water for 30 minutes and pressure cook until 1 whistle or cook normally until it is just done and should not be too mushy and be able to press in between the fingers.

Boiled toor daal

Heat a pan with 2 tbsp of oil. When it is hot enough, add the entire seasoning items Red chilli, mustard, cumin, curry leaves one after the other.

Slit the green chillies into 2 to 4 pieces and add to the seasoning and fry for a minute.

Now add the shredded cabbage, salt and turmeric powder and stir momentarily. Cover the lid and allow cabbage to cook with the steam itself. No need to add water.

When the cabbage is almost done, add the boiled toor daal and grated coconut and mix every thing and cook for few minutes and remove from the fire.

This goes well with rice or roti or even with pita bread.

Kandhi Podi / Spicy daal powder

There are many versions of the spicy powders in South Indian Cuisine. One among them is this protein rich spicy daal powder. 

Ingredients:

1 small cup red gram/toor dal
1 small cup bengal gram/channa dal
1 tsp cumin seeds
7-8 dried red chillis (adjust)
Curry leaves 1 string
1/2 tsp asafoetida (Optional)
Salt to taste
1 tsp oil

Bengal gram / Chana daal, Red gram / Toor daal, Curry leaves, Cumin, Red chili

Method:

Heat a heavy bottomed shallow pan and add both the daals and slowly, dry roast on low to medium heat stirring constantly till they turn red. Don’t burn them. Remove from pan and keep aside.

In the same vessel, add the cumin seeds and toss them on medium heat for 2-3 min. Remove from pan and keep aside.

Next drizzle some oil in the vessel, add the dry red chilies and curry leaves and stir fry for 3-4 min. Remove and cool.

Allow all the ingredients to cool down and grind them all to a slightly coarse or a rough texture by adding salt  and asafoetida.. Store in an air-tight container.

Served with hot steamed rice and a dollop of ghee.

Poori

Pooris are traditional Indian fried breads made with whole wheat flour or unbleached plain flour. Pooris are eaten warm or cold. These are great for picnics or even when travelling. As these are fried in the oil, they will remain fresh up to 3 days. A best option to carry when we have to stay away from home. Pooris can be served with any curry or daal varieties. Even, with spicy powders like Coconut powder, peanut powder.

Poori with potato curry

Ingredients:

2 cups - chapathi flour / Atta

Salt - 1/2 tsp 

Oil for deep frying

Water - 2/3 cup

Method:

Combine the flour and salt in a mixing bowl. Add up to 2/3 cup water, slowly pouring in just enough to form a medium soft, kneadable dough. 

Turn the dough onto a clean surface. Smear your hand with 1 tsp of oil and knead the dough for 5-8 minutes or until smooth. Adding oil at this stage will remove all the sticky dough from your hand. Cover the dough for 10 minutes.

Pre-heat oil in a deep pan over low heat. Meanwhile, divide the dough into 15 to 16 balls and roll each ball into thin disk about 4 1/2 inches wide.Increase the oil temperature.

Lift up a rolled poori and slip in into the hot oil, making sure that it doesn't fold over. It will sink to the bottom, then immediately rise to the surface. Hold it under the surface with a slotted spoon until it puffs up into a balloon.

Let it brown slightly to a golden colour, then turn it over and cook the other side too.

Lift out the poori with the slotted spoon and carefully drain it. Serve with any curry of your choice.

Tips:
 Do not make the dough too soft. This will make the pooris to absorb more oil.
 Do not over cook the pooris as they will turn hard.

Punjabi Samosa

One of the most popular snack is Punjabi samosa. Easy to prepare at home. As the samosas are huge is size compared to the bhajis, it requires more oil to fry the samosas. So, it is worth to prepare more at a time and freeze the left over samosas and re-heat them in oven as and when required. This samosas have an unique taste because of the mild spices like carom seeds, coriander seeds, fennel seeds and dry pomegranate seeds. Each flavour will compete with the other.

For the wrap:
Plain flour – 500 gms
Carom seeds / Vaamu – 1 tsp
Clarified butter or vegetable fat – 100gms
Salt

Method:

Mix the flour with carom seeds, salt and ghee to form crumbs. Now add water little by little, knead thoroughly and make stiff dough. Cover the dough and leave it for 10 minutes.

For the filling:
Onion – 1 medium chopped into small pieces
Potatoes – 3 large (About 500gms), Boiled and mashed
Boiled green Pea – 3/4th cup
Garam masala – 1 tsp
Cumin seeds – 2 tsp
Coriander seeds – 1 tbsp
Dried pomegranate seeds – 1 tsp
Fennel seeds – 1 tsp
Chili powder – 1 tsp (adjust as per your taste)
Grated ginger – 1 tsp
Oil – 3 tbsp

Method:

Dry roast cumin, coriander, pomegranate and fennel seeds for a minute until they leave a nice aroma.

In a mortar, roughly ground the spices and keep it aside.

Fennel seeds, dry pomegranate seeds and coriander seeds

Heat a large deep pan with oil. When it is hot enough add grated ginger and onion. Fry them until the onion become translucent.

Add mashed potato and boiled peas and stir every thing. Sprinkle salt, chili powder, garam masala and roughly ground spices.

Toss / stir every thing and allow the spices to get infused well into the vegetables. Reduce the flame, close the lid and cook the curry for about 5 minutes. Remove from the flame and allow it to cool down.

Method to make the samosas:
Divide the dough into 12 parts. Smear each ball with oil and roll it into thin disc (like a 2p coin in UK / 1 Rupee coin in India) in to oblong shape.

Cut the disc into 2 pieces, so that they resemble triangles with rounded edges.

Smear the straight edge of the disc with water, hold both the edges and fold them two together so that it forms a cone.

Fill the cone with potato curry tightly.

Seal the edges firmly and slightly bend the sealed edge to one side, so that the samosa can stand.

Prepare 5 – 6 or more samosas at a time

Fry them under low heat. This will allow the samosas to get cooked well inside.

Turn the samosas in between to get fried all around equally.

Remove them and drain them. Keep them separately to avoid sweating. Serve them warm.

December Decoration

I can't believe the temperatures in this December. It is 11 Degrees C in London. I found some lovely flowers on the road side..... thought to change their location (my home)